Description of the method
Manual Metal Arc welding (MMA) is often referred to as Shielded Metal Arc Welding
(SMAW) or stick electrode welding. It was the predominant form of fusion welding until
the beginning of the 1980s. Electrode rods consist of a wire core with an external
coating. They are made in a range of core diameters, with each diameter being intended
for a particular current range. Welding involves striking an arc between the electrode and
the workpiece, with the heat of the arc melting the electrodethe filler material), and
with the coating melting to form a protective slag.
The equipment required is simple, as shown in Figure 6.1, which means that the
method is straightforward to use. It is particularly suitable for jobs such as the erection of
structures. It can also be used outdoors, as opposed to other methods requiring shielding
gas, which are unsuitable in wind. However, its arc time factor is relatively low, due to
the time required for chipping away slag after welding and changing the electrodes.
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